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Fertilizing 101: Keep Your Plants Thriving All Season
It is mid-summer and some of your garden plants and flowers may start to fade at this time of year. To keep your garden lush and blooming all year use proper fertilizer throughout the season. Knowing when and how to fertilize your plants will keep them healthy and happy.
Understanding Plant Nutrient Needs
Plants need three primary nutrients to grow: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). These nutrients are often found in commercial fertilizers in varying ratios. Nitrogen promotes leafy growth, phosphorus encourages root and flower development, and potassium aids overall plant health and disease resistance. Additionally, plants require secondary nutrients like calcium, magnesium, and sulfur, as well as trace elements like iron, manganese, and zinc.
Fertilizing Annuals
When to Fertilize:
Annuals, which complete their life cycle in one growing season, need a steady supply of nutrients to support their rapid growth and prolific blooming. Start fertilizing annuals at the time of planting and continue every 4-6 weeks throughout the growing season.
How to Fertilize:
At Planting: Mix a balanced, slow-release granular fertilizer (such as Osmocote) into the soil at planting time. This provides a steady supply of nutrients as the plants establish themselves.
Throughout the Season: Use a water-soluble fertilizer like English Gardens Bloom Booster or PW Premium Plant Food every 4-6 weeks. You can also use a liquid fertilizer with a higher phosphorus content to promote more blooms.
Fertilizing Perennials
When to Fertilize:
Perennials, which return year after year, benefit from a more restrained fertilization approach. Fertilize perennials in early spring as new growth begins, and again in early summer. Avoid fertilizing in late summer or fall, as this can encourage new growth that may not harden off before winter.
How to Fertilize:
Early Spring: Apply a balanced, slow-release granular fertilizer around the base of the plants, we recommend Flower Tone or Plant Tone. Avoid direct contact with stems and leaves.
Early Summer: If your perennials are heavy feeders or showing signs of nutrient deficiency, apply a second dose of fertilizer. Consider using a lower-nitrogen fertilizer to support blooms and root development without encouraging excessive leafy growth.
Fertilizing Trees and Shrubs
When to Fertilize:
Trees and shrubs generally require less frequent fertilization than annuals and perennials. The best time to fertilize is in early spring, just before new growth starts. In some cases, a light application in late fall, after the plants have gone dormant, can also be beneficial.
How to Fertilize:
Early Spring: Use a slow-release, granular fertilizer designed for trees and shrubs like Tree Tone or Holly Tone. Apply it evenly around the drip line (the outer perimeter of the plant’s canopy) rather than directly at the trunk or base. This ensures the nutrients reach the root zone where they are needed.
Late Fall (Optional): Apply a light dose of slow-release fertilizer around the drip line. This helps prepare the plants for the next growing season.
General Tips for Effective Fertilization
Soil Testing: Before applying any fertilizer, conduct a soil test to determine nutrient levels and pH. This helps you choose the right fertilizer and avoid over-fertilization.
Watering: Water your plants thoroughly after applying fertilizer to help the nutrients reach the roots. For liquid fertilizers, mix according to the instructions and apply directly to moist soil.
Mulching: Mulch around your plants to conserve moisture, reduce weeds, and improve soil structure. Organic mulch breaks down over time, adding additional nutrients to the soil.
Organic Options: Consider using organic fertilizers like compost, fish emulsion, or bone meal. These provide a slower, more sustainable release of nutrients and improve soil health over time.
Proper fertilization is crucial for the health and vigor of your annuals, perennials, trees, and shrubs. By understanding the specific needs of each type of plant and applying the right nutrients at the right time, you can enjoy a lush, vibrant garden all season long. Visit your nearest location for help picking the right fertilizer for your plants.
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